Comparison and application of test methods for microplastics in farmland soil
TANG Qingfeng, WANG Jiamin, LI Qinmei, GAO Xia, DENG Pingye, SHAO Peng, WEI Wei, WANG Hongyan
Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing 100089,China
Abstract: Microplastics refer to plastics with particle size less than 5 mm, including fragments, fibers, particles, foaming and other different morphological types. As a new type of environmental pollutants, microplastic pollution has become a global environmental problem. After entering the farmland, microplastics will have an adverse impact on soil physical and chemical properties, microbial community and soil animal and plant growth, damage soil health and affect agricultural production and the quality of agricultural products. It is an important foundation and premise to carry out the research of microplastics and construct an accurate analysis method. In this paper, the test methods of microplastics in farmland soil were compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of visual inspection method, scanning electron microscope / energy spectrum method, pyrolysis GC-MS and micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the study of microplastics were compared and analyzed. The results show that micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy can not only characterize the color, size and morphology of micro plastics, but also identify their components. It is an ideal method for the analysis and identification of soil micro plastics. Based on micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the distribution and composition characteristics of microplastics in farmland soil in Xinjiang were analyzed. The shapes of microplastics were mainly thin film (35.2%), granular (27.8%) and fibrous (22.5%); Particle size <200 μm(44.2%)，200-500 μm(32.5%)，500-1000 μm(12.8%)，1 000-5000 μm(10.5%); The main materials are polyethylene (60.2%), polypropylene (18.3%) and polyvinyl chloride (8.6%).
Keywords: soil;microplastics;visual inspection;scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry;pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
2022, 48(10):145-151  收稿日期: 2021-10-28;收到修改稿日期: 2021-11-11
基金项目: 北京市科学技术研究院高水平创新团队计划项目（HIT201902）
作者简介: 汤庆峰（1976-），男，山东郓城县人，高级工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为环境污染物分析与评价
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